The Sami of Finnish Lapland

Extracts from "über die anthropologie der Lappen in Suomi" by Esko.K.Näätänen (Published by the Finnish Academy of Science in Helsinki, 1936)




Groups - Utsjoki (U), Inari (I) and Kolten (K) (meaning Skolt Sami)


Height (average) - men by area

Utsjoki 162.2cm
Inari 161.1cm
Kolten 157.7cm

Average for men - 160.4cm

Height (average) - females by area

Utsjoki 151.0cm
Inari 149.9cm
Kolten 146.9cm

Average for females - 149.1cm

Height (frequency table)


Height (averages)



Morphological Facial-index (average) - men by area

Utsjoki 77.4
Inari 76.0
Kolten 83.8

Average for men - 79.1 (Euryprosopic)


Morphological Facial-index (average) - females by area

Utsjoki 77.7
Inari 78.3
Kolten 80.8

Average for females - 79.2 (Euryprosopic)


Morphological Facial Index - (Distribution) - Men by area

Utsjoki
Hypereuryprosop 62.5%
Euryprosop 29.2%
Mesoprosop 2.8%
Leptoprosop 5.5%

Inari
Hypereuryprosop 76.4%
Euryprosop 21.6%
Mesoprosop 2.0%

Kolten
Hypereuryprosop 19.3%
Euryprosop 31.6%
Mesoprosop 22.8%
Leptoprosop 21.0%
Hyperleptoprosop 5.3%

Morphological Facial Index - (Distribution) - Females by area

Utsjoki
Hypereuryprosop 61.3%
Euryprosop 27.3%
Mesoprosop 9.1%
Hyperleptoprosop 2.3%

Inari
Hypereuryprosop 61.3%
Euryprosop 16.1%
Mesoprosop 10.7%
Leptoprosop 7.1%
Hyperleptoprosop 1.8%

Kolten
Hypereuryprosop 38.9%
Euryprosop 33.3%
Mesoprosop 11.1%
Leptoprosop 12.5%
Hyperleptoprosop 4.2%

Morphological Facial Index (averages)


Morphological F.I (distribution)


Morphological F.I (frequencies)


Cephalic index (averages) - men by area

Utsjoki 84.4
Inari 85.1
Kolten 83.3

Average for men 84.2

Cephalic index (averages) - females by area

Utsjoki 84.2
Inari 85.6
Kolten 82.8

Average for females 84.0

Cephalic index (distribution) - men by area

Utsjoki
Mesocephalic 12.3%
Brachycephalic 50.7%
Hyperbrachycephalic 37.0%

Inari
Mesocephalic 5.9%
Brachycephalic 52.9%
Hyperbrachycephalic 41.2%

Kolten
Dolichocephalic 1.8%
Mesocephalic 17.6%
Brachycephalic 57.8%
Hyperbrachycephalic 22.8%


Cephalic index (distribution) - females by area

Utsjoki
Mesocephalic 10.9%
Brachycephalic 56.5%
Hyperbrachycephalic 32.6%

Inari
Mesocephalic 5.4%
Brachycephalic 48.2%
Hyperbrachycephalic 46.4%

Kolten
Mesocephalic 24.7%
Brachycephalic 57.5%
Hyperbrachycephalic 17.8%

Cephalic index (averages)


Cephalic index (frequencies)


Cephalic index (distribution)


Nose shapes

Strongly concave (stark konkav)
Slightly concave (wenig konkav)
Straight (gerade)
Convex (konvex)
Wavy (wellig)

Utsjoki (men)

Strongly concave 9.7%
Slightly concave 36.1%
Straight 27.8%
Convex 18.1%
Wavy 8.3%

Utsjoki (females)

Strongly concave 14.3%
Slightly concave 40.5
Straight 23.8%
Convex 14.3%
Wavy 7.1%

Inari (men)

Strongly concave 14.9%
Slightly concave 66.0%
Straight 6.4%
Convex 4.3%
Wavy 8.5%

Inari (females)

Strongly concave 25.0%
Slightly concave 55.4%
Straight 14.3%
Convex 0%
Wavy 5.4%

Kolten (men)

Strongly concave 3.6%
Slightly concave 60.7%
Straight 21.4%
Convex 7.1%
Wavy 7.1%

Kolten (females)

Strongly concave 29.4%
Slightly concave 50.0%
Straight 14.7%
Convex 5.9%
Wavy 0%

Table with information on nose shape, height/widht of nasal root etc.


Nasal index distribution (male/female)


Face shape, height, width


Head length and height (averages)


Length-Height Index (L.H.I) and Breadth-Height Index (B.H.I) of the head (averages for male/female)


Hair and eye-colour (male/female)

Average Morphological Facial Index - Finland - Women

Average Morphological Facial Index by region - Finland - Women

- 78.9 = hypereuryprosopic (very short-/broad-faced)
79.0 - 83.9 = euryprosopic (short-/broad-faced)
84.0 - 87.9 = mesoprosopic (moderate in facial form)
88.0 - 92.9 = leptoprosopic (long-/narrow-faced)
93.0 - = hyperleptoprosopic (very long-/narrow-faced)

*Note, the border for hyperleptoprosopicsm is 95-96 for the skull and 93 for the living females.
*Note, some omit the mesoprosopic group and instead use a wider group for euryprosopic F.I. 80.0 - 89.9 = euryprosopic (short-/broad-faced). All these studies have the mesoprosopic group to distinguish between moderate broad/short faces etc.


Map with regional averages and a colour indicated map.



There's no yellow 'S' on the maps due to a mistake on my behalf. The same areas have only data of Swedish speakers as usual (see the previous post on male facial indexes for more info)

Overall on average the women appear to be more broad-faced than men. As with men, the average F.I for most areas fell into the category of moderate facial forms (mesoprosopic).

Data taken from the following publications

T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta (Helsinki, 1935)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)

L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Erkki Kivalo, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostrobottnien (Helsinki 1957)

Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Häme (Helsinki, 1952)

Average Morphological Facial Index - Finland - Men

Average Morphological Facial Index by region - Finland - Men

- 78.9 = hypereuryprosopic (very short-/broad-faced)
79.0 - 83.9 = euryprosopic (short-/broad-faced)
84.0 - 87.9 = mesoprosopic (moderate in facial form)
88.0 - 92.9 = leptoprosopic (long-/narrow-faced)
93.0 - = hyperleptoprosopic (very long-/narrow-faced)

*Note, the border for hyperleptoprosopicsm is 95-96 for the skull and 93 for the living males.

Map with regional averages and a colour indicated map




The yellow 'S' indicates that in those areas only Swedish speakers were studied. Mixed data of Finnish and Swedish speakers has been used for the Turku/Åbo Archipelago.

The most long/narrow-faced people according to this data were the Swedish-speakers of Nyland. In comparison the Swedish-speakers of Southern-Ostrobothnia were more broad-faced than the Finnish speakers of Ostrobothnia. According to the studies, there seems to be quite a bit of anthropological differences between the Swedish speaking groups of Nyland, Åland, Abo Archipelago and Ostrobothnia, but that matter deserves its own topic/time and place.

Data taken from

T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta (Helsinki, 1935)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)
L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Erkki Kivalo, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostrobottnien (Helsinki 1957)

Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Häme (Helsinki, 1952)

More detailed summaries will be posted at a later date. A post with data for Carelian men (with scan) is available.

Morphological Facial Index - Carelia - Men

This is data for Carelian men, taken from T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

Morphological Facial Index

- 78.9 = hypereuryprosopic (very short-/broad-faced)
79.0 - 83.9 = euryprosopic (short-/broad-faced)
84.0 - 87.9 = mesoprosopic (moderate in facial form)
88.0 - 92.9 = leptoprosopic (long-/narrow-faced)
93.0 - = hyperleptoprosopic (very long-/narrow-faced)






Area 1

4.9% Hypereuryprosopic
14.6% Euryprosopic
34.1% Mesoprosopic
36.6% Leptoprosopic
9.8% Hyperleptoprosopic

Area 2

10% Hypereuryprosopic
22.2% Euryprosopic
18.9% Mesoprosopic
30.0% Leptoprosopic
18.9% Hyperleptoprosopic

Area 3

9.6% Hypereuryprosopic
21.3% Euryprosopic
26.4% Mesoprosopic
28.9% Leptoprosopic
13.7% Hyperleptoprosopic

Area 4

4.5% Hypereuryprosopic
16.9% Euryprosopic
15.4% Mesoprosopic
33.3% Leptoprosopic
29.9% Hyperleptoprosopic

Area 5

3.8% Hypereuryprosopic
15.0% Euryprosopic
20.0% Mesoprosopic
25.0% Leptoprosopic
36.3% Hyperleptoprosopic

Area 6

3.5% Hypereuryprosopic
13.9% Euryprosopic
24.3% Mesoprosopic
34.8% Leptoprosopic
23.5% Hyperleptoprosopic

Errors

Thanks to Len at biodiversityforum for pointing out the difference between cranial index (dry cranium) and index of living humans (cephalic index). This is what you get when you're an amateur...

So the stricter values of under 75 (dolichocranial), 75-79.9 (mesocranial), over 80 (brachycranial) and 85-89.9 (hyperbrachycranial) are for dry cranium and represent cranial indexes.

And the cephalic indexes for living humans are the one's mentioned earlier Dolichocephalic x- 75.9, Mesocephalic 76-80.9, Brachycephalic 81-85.4 and Hyperbrachycephalic 85.5-x.

So the point is that there's no real use in re-calculating the existing data into a stricter system, since the subjects of the studies were all living people.