Finland by region - anthropometric averages

The data is from studies made in the 1930's and 1950's. Back then Finland was mainly a poor rural nation. Some (but not all) regional differences in height and other data may be explained by the different economic conditions on different regions and by the fact that these studies span between 1930 and 1950's. The average height data is quite irrelevant for our modern day and regional differences are minimal due to improved living standards. But here's a 1930's - 1950's look on things.

Measurements mm

*Average Carelian - male*
T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

Height (cm) 166.29 cm (variation was between 144.7 - 186.6)
Head lenght 186.28 (154-208)
Head breadth 152.36 (124-185)
Minimum frontal breadth 109.86 (81-149)
Bizygomatic diameter 137.35 (96-191)
Bigonial diameter 107.22 (79-145)
Total facial height 122.11 (103-160)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 55.57 (39-73)
Nasal breadth 35.07 (22 - 51)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 31.90 (23-41)
Cephalic index 81.670 (66.31 - 97.37)
Facial index 89.343 (68.86 - 129.09)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 63.800 (37.10 - 100.00)
B.H.I 88.970 (61.49-130.67)
H.L.I 72.754 (53.73-105.95)

*Average Carelian - female*
T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

Height (cm) 154.83 (128.8 - 173.1)
Head lenght (mm) 176.87 (147-212)
Head breadth 144.72 (121-180)
Minimum frontal breadth 104.94 (79-135)
Bizygomatic diameter 126.81 (97-147)
Bigonial diameter 96.81 (71-176)
Total facial height 113.04 (88-141)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 51.38 (33-65)
Nasal breadth 31.40 (25-40)
Biorbital width
Interorbital Width 31.33 (20-40)
Cephalic index 81.881 (66.04 - 97.22)
Facial index 89.448 (66.67-125.69)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 61.973 (41.07 - 89.19)
B.H.I 91.153 (69.80-114.88)
H.L.I 74.474 (55.19-91.77)

*Nyland - male (Finnish speaker)*
L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Height (cm) 169.65 (150.1 - 187.5)
Head lenght (mm)
Head breadth
Minimum frontal breadth 110.58 (97-133)
Bizygomatic diameter 139.04 (120-157)
Bigonial diameter 111.07 (94-126)
Total facial height 124.22 (106-145)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 54.51 (38-67)
Nasal breadth 35.22 (28-43)
Biorbital width
Interorbital width 32.39 (25-42)
Cephalic index 79.785
Facial index 89.611 (75.66 - 110.45)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 65.285 (49.10 - 102.60)
B.H.I 85.861 (71.34-103.52)
H.L.I 68.463 (57.79-83.91)

*Nyland - male (Swedish speaker)*
L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Height (cm) 172.14 (156.9 - 189.0)
Head lenght (mm)
Head breadth
Minimum frontal breadth 108.41 (91-127)
Bizygomatic diameter 130.85 (112-154)
Bigonial diameter 110.62 (95-132)
Total facial height 127.00 (97-150)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 57.35 (43-74)
Nasal breadth 35.90 (29-45)
Biorbital width
Interorbital width 33.13 (24-40)
Cephalic index 78.227
Facial index 97.554 (73.48 - 124.17)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 62.987 (45.95 - 86.96)
B.H.I 84.493 (71.15-100.16)
H.L.I 65.744 (56.32-77.35)

**Nyland - female (Finnish speaker)*
L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Height (cm) 159.33 (148.1 - 173.6)
Head length (mm) 183.98 (163-206)
Head breadth 147.78 (138-160)
Minimum frontal breadth 105.47 (96-117)
Bizygomatic diameter 130.43 (113-143)
Bigonial diameter 102.05 (90-123)
Total facial height 110.95 (94-130)
Upper facial heigth
Nasal breadth 31.94 (27-39)
Nasal height 48.68 (41-77)
Biorbital width
Interorbital width 31.05 (24-41)
Cephalic index 80.427 (73.30 - 89.08)
Facial index 85.239 (69.13-103.54)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 65.873 (45.45 - 85.70)
B.H.I 87.045 (71.71-104.96)
H.L.I 69.971 (55.61-85.12)

*Nyland - female (Swedish speaker)*
L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Height (cm) 160.08 (148.0 - 177.3)
Head lenght (mm) 185.97 (170-201)
Head breadth 146.72 (115-158)
Minimum frontal breadth 103.98 (94-116)
Bizygomatic diameter 128.66 (102-151)
Bigonial diameter 101.37 (86-114)
Total facial height 116.48 (99-135)
Upper facial height
Nasal breadth 31.88 (26-40)
Nasal height 51.51 (34-67)
Biorbital width
Interorbital width 31.93 (26-39)
Cephalic index 78.931 (62.16-86.52)
Facial index 90.815 (77.61-120.59)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 62.387 (47.76 - 100)
B.H.I 86.648 (74.51-116.52)
H.L.I 68.310 (59.16-82.94)

*Savo - male*
Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)

Height (cm) 167.40 (158.9 - 181.6)
Head lenght 189.41 (166-214)
Head breadth 153.49 (137-174)
Minimum frontal breadth 113.20 (96-147)
Bizygomatic diameter 137.77 (105-55)
Bigonial diameter 109.19 (85-143)
Total facial height 118.11 (97-142)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 51.65 (34-68)
Nasal breadth 34.73 (27-49)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 31.95 (24-40)
Cephalic index 81.109 (71.08-90.76)
Facial index 86.025 (69.86-122.86)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 68.432 (44.62-111.43)
B.H.I 85.981 (69.32-103.23)
H.L.I 69.682 (58.03-88)


*Savo - female*
Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)

Height (cm) 154.5 (140.8-172.6)
Head lenght 180.36 (162-197)
Head breadth 146.89 (134-159)
Minimum frontal breadth 106.10 (88-122)
Bizygomatic diameter 129.19 (102-145)
Bigonial diameter 100.34 (81-119)
Total facial height 110.25 (86-137)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 47.58 (38-59)
Nasal breadth 30.99 (19-41)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 31.19 (21-42)
Cephalic index 81.504 (71.66-92.31)
Facial index 85.564 (64.66-117.31)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 65.793 (33.33-100)
B.H.I 87.748 (72.48-104.03)
H.L.I 71.507 (58.20-87.36)

*Häme (male)*
Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Häme (Helsinki, 1952)

Height (cm) 170.55 (157-193)
Head lenght 191.37 (175-214)
Head breadth 154.85 (142-170)
Minimum frontal breadth 109.82 (94-129)
Bizygomatic diameter 141.39 (116-156)
Bigonial diameter 111.0 (85-132)
Total facial height 122.81 (96-149)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 53.72 (39-76)
Nasal breadth 35.35 (25-45)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 32.09 (21-44)
Cephalic index 80.99 (72-93.79)
Facial index 87.01 (69.54-108.80)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 66.59 (40.98-100)
B.H.I 85.83 (70.51-103.16)
H.L.I 69.49 (58.73-84.46)

*Häme (female)*
Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Häme (Helsinki, 1952)

Height (cm) 158.08 (140-178)
Head lenght 182.82 (162-199)
Head breadth 148.15 (132-164)
Minimum frontal breadth 108.00 (93-130)
Bizygomatic diameter 132.71 (104-146)
Bigonial diameter 102.26 (79-127)
Total facial height 112.79 (93-138)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 50.75 (37-66)
Nasal breadth 31.85 (23-46)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 30.51 (19-39)
Cephalic index 81.11 (69.11-93.36)
Facial index 85.10 (71.54-109.26)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 63.21 (43.40-97.30)
B.H.I 86.59 (67.33-107.75)
H.L.I 70.15 (55.80-87.64)

*Satakunta (male)*
Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta (Helsinki, 1935)

Height (cm) 170.79 (151.3-188.7)
Head lenght 191.12 (171-211)
Head breadth 153.60 (139-169)
Minimum frontal breadth 112.09 (98-130)
Bizygomatic diameter 141.63 (122-157)
Bigonial diameter 111.08 (94-128)
Total facial height 126.93 (106-155)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 57.65 (41-74)
Nasal breadth 35.32 (26-52)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 32.14 (23-49)
Cephalic index 80.478 (71.50-94.15)
Facial index 89.728 (72.39-111.38)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 62.028 (40.63-93.33)
B.H.I 86.343 (66.67-102.07)
H.L.I 69.421 (52.91-81.29)

*Satakunta (female)*
Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta (Helsinki, 1935)

Height (cm) 159.14 (142-177.4)
Head lenght 183.05 (155-207)
Head breadth 147.64 (122-172)
Minimum frontal breadth 107.97 (90-144)
Bizygomatic diameter 132.21 (110-159)
Bigonial diameter 102.33 (80-142)
Total facial height 117.12 (91-143)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 52.57 (31-71)
Nasal breadth 31.78 (23-49)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 30.40 (21-39)
Cephalic index 80.746 (67.22-96.13)
Facial index 88.777 (66.43-115.18)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 61.032 (41.07-103.23)
B.H.I 88.152 (69.33-107.48)
H.L.I 71.048 (50.59-89.33)

*Sami (male)*
Esko K. Näätänen - Über die anthropologie der Lappen in Suomi (Helsinki 1936)

Height (cm) 160.4 (142.2-175.5)
Head lenght 185.6 (167-198)
Head breadth 156.2 (137-171)
Minimum frontal breadth 107.9 (88-142)
Bizygomatic diameter 140.9 (127-155)
Bigonial diameter 109.9 (95-123)
Total facial height 111.2 (93-127)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 49.6 (34-62)
Nasal breadth 36.3 (30-47)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 33.3 (26-42)
Cephalic index 84.2
Facial index 79.1 (67.4-95.5)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 74.0 (54.6-102.8)
B.H.I 80.7 (61.8-101.8)
H.L.I 67.9 (52.6-90.6)

*Sami (female)*
Esko K. Näätänen - Über die anthropologie der Lappen in Suomi (Helsinki 1936)

Height (cm) 149.1 (135.9-163.4)
Head lenght 178.4 (160-193)
Head breadth 149.8 (137-162)
Minimum frontal breadth 103.9 (86-138)
Bizygomatic diameter 131.5 (110-145)
Bigonial diameter 101.1 (85-125)
Total facial height 104.1 (85-121)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 45.9 (32-56)
Nasal breadth 33.4 (27-40)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 32.4 (26-40)
Cephalic index 84.0
Facial index 79.2 (68-95.9)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 73.6 (56.9-102.6)
B.H.I 82.9 (69.2-97.2)
H.L.I 69.6 (58.8-85.1)

*Varsinais-Suomi (male) Finnish speakers (FI)*
A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Height (cm) 171.68 (150.4-193.5)
Head lenght 194.18 (177-209)
Head breadth 153.46 (141-168)
Minimum frontal breadth 111.32 (92-126)
Bizygomatic diameter 140.5 (118-157)
Bigonial diameter 110.11 (95-141)
Total facial height 131.75 (102-160)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 53.50 (38-69)
Nasal breadth 35.27 (28-44)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 32.67 (24-40)
Cephalic index 79.108 (71.50-89.83)
Facial index 93.875 (71.83-115.25)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 66.632 (49.15-93.02)

*Varsinais-Suomi (female) (FI)*
A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Height (cm) 159.99 (145.3-173.9)
Head lenght 185.74 (168-199)
Head breadth 146.98 (133-161)
Minimum frontal breadth 107.29 (97-128)
Bizygomatic diameter 131.42 (110-146)
Bigonial diameter 102.2 (83-117)
Total facial height 112.57 (94-145)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 46.86 (34-64)
Nasal breadth 33.10 (26-41)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 30.75 (23-38)
Cephalic index 79.201 (71.57-87.13)
Facial index 86.001 (70.15-107.26)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 72.247 (51.67-97.22)


*Åland Islands - Swedish speakers (SWE) male*
A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Height (cm) 174.23 (163.4-196)
Head lenght 196.58 (182-219)
Head breadth 155.09 (141-168)
Minimum frontal breadth 109.73 (98-124)
Bizygomatic diameter 142.82 (130-157)
Bigonial diameter 112.30 (99-128)
Total facial height 125.12 (107-146)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 54.22 (43-69)
Nasal breadth 34.88 (29-46)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 32.31 (25-37)
Cephalic index 78.928 (68.95-88.17)
Facial index 87.801 (75.89-102.10)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 64.596 (44.78-84.78)

*Åland Islands (SWE) female*
A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Height (cm) 161.79 (139.4-176.3)
Head lenght 187.20 (170-208)
Head breadth 149.13 (137-164)
Minimum frontal breadth 105.00 (93-121)
Bizygomatic diameter 132.92 (117-150)
Bigonial diameter 103.02 (88-119)
Total facial height 114.40 (92-137)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 50.76 (40-64)
Nasal breadth 31.74 (25-42)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 30.51 (25-36)
Cephalic index 79.715 (71.36-90.00)
Facial index 86.171 (67.83-103.31)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 62.906 (47.17-80.77)


*Åbo Archipelago (FI) male*
A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Height (cm) 172.07 (159.4-181.8)
Head lenght 196.83 (186-223)
Head breadth 157.04 (145-168)
Minimum frontal breadth 109.88 (97-118)
Bizygomatic diameter 141.64 (129-157)
Bigonial diameter 113.16 (96-145)
Total facial height 128.08 (102-140)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 56.92 (43-67)
Nasal breadth 34.76 (30-39)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 31.84 (26-38)
Cephalic index 79.855 (73.74-85.87)
Facial index 90.174 (79.07-103.70)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 61.398 (49.18-84.78)

*Åbo Archipelago (FI) female*
A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Height (cm) 159.16 (147.3-165.8)
Head lenght 186.40 (179-198)
Head breadth 145.80 (136-155)
Minimum frontal breadth 107.33 (97-117)
Bizygomatic diameter 133-03 (125-141)
Bigonial diameter 104.60 (90-113)
Total facial height 119.87 (93-130)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 52.67 (37-63)
Nasal breadth 31.20 (26-36)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 30.33 (26-33)
Cephalic index 78.274 (73.74-84.70)
Facial index 89.523 (70.45-97.62)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 60.551 (48.83-94.59)

*Åbo Archipelago (Swe) male*
A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Height (cm) 173.37 (160.4-187.9)
Head lenght 195.02 (179-208)
Head breadth 152.98 (130-168)
Minimum frontal breadth 109.20 (93-118)
Bizygomatic diameter 142.02 (126-161)
Bigonial diameter 110.00 (95-129)
Total facial height 127.89 (110-153)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 57.11 (42-70)
Nasal breadth 35.10 (30-42)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 32.02 (27-40)
Cephalic index 78.554 (66.67-87.36)
Facial index 90.181 (74.83-110.87)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 61.810 (45.71-86.36)

*Åbo Archipelago (Swe) female*
A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Height (cm) 161.34 (151.7-171.3)
Head lenght 185.19 (168-202)
Head breadth 148.76 (136-160)
Minimum frontal breadth 104.76 (91-117)
Bizygomatic diameter 134.44 (124-143)
Bigonial diameter 105.90 (93-118)
Total facial height 117.26 (101-133)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 52.11 (42-63)
Nasal breadth 32.19 (26-38)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 30.51 (25-36)
Cephalic index 80.371 (73.51-88.57)
Facial index 87.286 (76.52-100)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 62.096 (44.83-75.00)

*Southern-Ostrobothnia (FI) male*
Matti Mustakallio & Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern Süd-Ostrobottniens (Helsinki, 1951)

Height (cm) 170.60 (153.3-187.9)
Head lenght 193.25 (179-212)
Head breadth 153.95 (142-167)
Minimum frontal breadth 111.21 (100-127)
Bizygomatic diameter 140.26 (121-157)
Bigonial diameter 111.36 (95-127)
Total facial height 129.24 (105-152)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 58.82 (44-70)
Nasal breadth 34.61 (26-47)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 32.68 (24-41)
Cephalic index 79.71 (69.36-87.91)
Facial index 92.34 (73.89-112.8)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 59.20 (43.90-84.78)

*Southern-Ostrobothnia (FI) female*
Matti Mustakallio & Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern Süd-Ostrobottniens (Helsinki, 1951)

Height (cm) 158.24 (143.8-173.9)
Head lenght 185.31 (166-202)
Head breadth 148.27 (134-160)
Minimum frontal breadth 107.01 (95-123)
Bizygomatic diameter 132.92 (119-146)
Bigonial diameter 102.70 (88-119)
Total facial height 116.53 (94-139)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 53.69 (40-71)
Nasal breadth 30.17 (24-40)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 31.05 (23-41)
Cephalic index 80.239 (72.73-91.02)
Facial index 87.77 (71.76-115.50)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 56.66 (40.98-80.95)

*Southern-Ostrobothnia (SWE) male*
Matti Mustakallio & Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern Süd-Ostrobottniens (Helsinki, 1951)

Height (cm) 171.19 (155.5-187.5)
Head lenght 190.23 (171-210)
Head breadth 153.30 (140-168)
Minimum frontal breadth 107.29 (94-120)
Bizygomatic diameter 138.01 (115-153)
Bigonial diameter 108.90 (92-126)
Total facial height 122.69 (100-141)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 54.63 (44-70)
Nasal breadth 35.59 (27-52)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 32.41 (26-40)
Cephalic index 80.69 (69.65-88.52)
Facial index 89.17 (69.44-111.29)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 65.50 (42.86-88.14)

*Southern-Ostrobothnia (SWE) female*
Matti Mustakallio & Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern Süd-Ostrobottniens (Helsinki, 1951)

Height (cm) 159.03 (144.1-173.5)
Head lenght 181.50 (164-199)
Head breadth 147.42 (132-161)
Minimum frontal breadth 104.27 (91-117)
Bizygomatic diameter 129.38 (109-145)
Bigonial diameter 101.72 (86-118)
Total facial height 112.14 (97-130)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 50.08 (32-69)
Nasal breadth 32.49 (24-51)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 31.15 (24-38)
Cephalic index 81.459 (73.16-91.52)
Facial index 86.91 (72.99-107.14)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 65.25 (40.32-94.44)

*Northern-Ostrobothnia - male*
Erkki Kivalo, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostrobottnien (Helsinki 1957)

Height (cm) 167.62 (149.4-186.3)
Head lenght 188.40 (170-207)
Head breadth 155.78 (139-177)
Minimum frontal breadth 111.29 (92-139)
Bizygomatic diameter 139.80 (110-158)
Bigonial diameter 110.39 (93-133)
Total facial height 122.56 (100-154)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 55.03 (38-69)
Nasal breadth 35.05 (27-50)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 31.64 (21-43)
Cephalic index 82.780 (72.4-93.68)
Facial index 87.853 (71.9-108.45)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 64.144 (47.54-94.74)

*Northern-Ostrobothnia - female*
Erkki Kivalo, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostrobottnien (Helsinki 1957)

Height (cm) 156.4 (137.9-175.5)
Head lenght 179.33 (162-197)
Head breadth 149.67 (133-172)
Minimum frontal breadth 106.06 (90-124)
Bizygomatic diameter 130.80 (111-150)
Bigonial diameter 102.50 (85-119)
Total facial height 111.31 (99-129)
Upper facial height
Nasal height 49.74 (39-60)
Nasal breadth 32.26 (25-38)
Biorbital Width
Interorbital Width 30.70 (22-39)
Cephalic index 83.527 (74.48-93.83)
Facial index 85.237 (71.74-101.57)
Upper facial index
Nasal index 65.181 (50.85-85.37)

Updated 6.9.2007 - added B.H.I and H.L.I data for Satakunta, Sami, Carelia, Häme and Savo and Nyland.

BIGONIAL DIAMETER (go-go) (bigonial breadth) - men - MAP

Note - Yellow S - marks missing. But to make it clear, the same coastal areas as in the previous maps contain data measured from only Swedish speakers (excluding the Åbo Archipelago, which uses mixed data as usual)

Sources

T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta (Helsinki, 1935)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)

L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Erkki Kivalo, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostrobottnien (Helsinki 1957)

Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Häme (Helsinki, 1952)

Matti Mustakallio & Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern Süd-Ostrobottniens (Helsinki, 1951)

Male facial index - a summary

This post will updated with more information, so those who are interested may want to check back for further updates in this post.


88.0 - 92.9 = leptoprosopic (long-/narrow-faced)
93.0 - = hyperleptoprosopic (very long-/narrow-faced)

Combined percetages of lepto and hyperleptoprosopics (long/very long/narrow faced induviduals)




Combined percetages of lepto and hyperleptoprosopics (long/very long/narrow faced), colour indicated map




Combined percetages of lepto and hyperleptoprosopics (long/very long/narrow faced), colour indicated map - a simplified version



Hyperleptoprosopics


Leptoprosopics


Mesoprosopics


Hypereuryprosopics


- 78.9 = hypereuryprosopic (very short-/broad-faced)
79.0 - 83.9 = euryprosopic (short-/broad-faced)

Combined percentages of eury and hypereuryprosopics (very short/short/broad faced)


Combined percentages of eury and hypereuryprosopics (very short/short/broad faced), colour indicated map


Early conclusions - The least amount of narrow/long-faced induviduals are found in eastern Savo (which seems to form a belt of broad-facedness), but the areas differ greatly from Carelia and southwest-Savo for example. Nothing points to a steady decline of lepto and hyperleptoprosopics in the west -> east direction with parts of Satakunta, Häme and Finland proper falling out of the coastal "black belt" that reaches from Lake Ladoga to Ostrobothnia. According to this data, the absolutely most narrow/long-faced people were the Swedish speakers of Nyland. This text will be modified when more data is added and more thoughts will be added later.



Carelia

Hypereuryprosop 6,4%
Euryprosop 18%
Mesoprosop 21.8%
Leptoprosop 31.2%
Hyperleptoprosop 22.7%

short-faced group = 24,4%
medium faced group = 21,8%
long faced group = 53,9%

Savo

Hypereuryprosop 17,7%
Euryprosop 26,8%
Mesoprosop 21,6%
Leptoprosop 17,7%
Hyperleptoprosop 16,2%

short-faced group = 44,5%
medium faced group = 21,6%
long faced group = 33,9%

Häme

Hypereuryprosop 8,3%
Euryprosop 23,7%
Mesoprosop 28.4%
Leptoprosop 24,9%
Hyperleptoprosop 14,7%

short-faced group = 32%
medium faced group = 28,4%
long faced group = 39,6%

Satakunta

Hypereuryprosop 4,5%
Euryprosop 13,6%
Mesoprosop 26.9%
Leptoprosop 29,4%
Hyperleptoprosop 25,6%

short-faced group = 18,1%
medium faced group = 26,9%
long faced group = 55%

Åland

Hypereuryprosop 3,9%
Euryprosop 24,2%
Mesoprosop 22.5%
Leptoprosop 30,2%
Hyperleptoprosop 19,2%

short-faced group = 28,1%
medium faced group = 22,5%
long faced group = 49,4%


Turku Archipelago (Swedish speakers)

Hypereuryprosop 3,3%
Euryprosop 9,8%
Mesoprosop 24.6%
Leptoprosop 33,6%
Hyperleptoprosop 28,7%

short-faced group = 13,1%
medium faced group = 24,6%
long faced group = 62,3%


Turku Archipelago (Finnish speakers)

Hypereuryprosop 0%
Euryprosop 12%
Mesoprosop 24%
Leptoprosop 36%
Hyperleptoprosop 28%

short-faced group = 12%
medium faced group = 24%
long faced group = 64%

Varsinais-Suomi

Hypereuryprosop 4,5%
Euryprosop 7,5%
Mesoprosop 13%
Leptoprosop 18,1%
Hyperleptoprosop 56,9%

short-faced group = 12%
medium faced group = 13%
long faced group = 75%

Southern-Ostrobothnia (Swedish speakers)

Hypereuryprosop 4,6%
Euryprosop 15,1%
Mesoprosop 26,4%
Leptoprosop 32%
Hyperleptoprosop 21,8%

short-faced group = 19,7%
medium faced group = 26,4%
long faced group = 53,8%

Southern-Ostrobothnia (Finnish speakers)

Hypereuryprosop 1,7%
Euryprosop 7,1%
Mesoprosop 17,6%
Leptoprosop 30,5%
Hyperleptoprosop 43,1%

short-faced group = 8,8%
medium faced group = 17,6%
long faced group = 73,6%

Nyland (Swedish speakers)

Hypereuryprosop 0,96%
Euryprosop 4,8%
Mesoprosop 7,67%
Leptoprosop 15,79%
Hyperleptoprosop 70,88%

short-faced group = 5,76%
medium faced group = 7,67%
long faced group = 86,67%

Nyland (Finnish speakers)

Hypereuryprosop 4,35%
Euryprosop 15,22%
Mesoprosop 20,1%
Leptoprosop 32,06%
Hyperleptoprosop 34,23%

short-faced group = 19,57%
medium faced group = 20,1%
long faced group = 66,29%

Northern Ostrobothnia

Hypereuryprosop 5,55%
Euryprosop 21,8%
Mesoprosop 26,6%
Leptoprosop 26,1%
Hyperleptoprosop 19,9%

short-faced group = 27,35%
medium faced group = 26,6%
long faced group = 46%


Similar data for females and more updates on this post will follow later on. The data for Nyland had to be calculated from a frequency table since Löfgren's publication lacked any tables with percentages (only frequency percentages) so there may be minor errors in percentages for Nyland, but only minor.

T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta (Helsinki, 1935)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)
L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Erkki Kivalo, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostrobottnien (Helsinki 1957)

Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Häme (Helsinki, 1952)

Matti Mustakallio & Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern Süd-Ostrobottniens (Helsinki, 1951)

Average Morphological Facial Index - Finland - Women

Average Morphological Facial Index by region - Finland - Women

- 78.9 = hypereuryprosopic (very short-/broad-faced)
79.0 - 83.9 = euryprosopic (short-/broad-faced)
84.0 - 87.9 = mesoprosopic (moderate in facial form)
88.0 - 92.9 = leptoprosopic (long-/narrow-faced)
93.0 - = hyperleptoprosopic (very long-/narrow-faced)

*Note, the border for hyperleptoprosopicsm is 95-96 for the skull and 93 for the living females.
*Note, some omit the mesoprosopic group and instead use a wider group for euryprosopic F.I. 80.0 - 89.9 = euryprosopic (short-/broad-faced). All these studies have the mesoprosopic group to distinguish between moderate broad/short faces etc.


Map with regional averages and a colour indicated map.



There's no yellow 'S' on the maps due to a mistake on my behalf. The same areas have only data of Swedish speakers as usual (see the previous post on male facial indexes for more info)

Overall on average the women appear to be more broad-faced than men. As with men, the average F.I for most areas fell into the category of moderate facial forms (mesoprosopic).

Data taken from the following publications

T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta (Helsinki, 1935)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)

L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Erkki Kivalo, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostrobottnien (Helsinki 1957)

Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Häme (Helsinki, 1952)

Finland - Average cephalic indexes - Women

Finland - Average cephalic indexes - Men

Continuation to the previous posts. A map of percentages taken from the previously mentioned studies and a map with colour indicators.

Finland - Cephalic indexes - MEN (maps)

Dolichocephalic x- 75.9
Mesocephalic 76-80.9
Brachycephalic 81-85.4
Hyperbrachycephalic 85.5-x

This is data about men, the cephalic index-data is based on the publications of

T.Y.Roschier - Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Karjala (Helsinki, 1931)

A.O.Arho - Anthropologische Untersuchungen in den Landschaften Åland und Varsinais-Suomi (Helsinki, 1934)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Satakunta (Helsinki, 1935)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)

L.Löfgren - über die anthropologie der Bewohner von Uusimaa (Helsinki, 1937)

Erkki Kivalo, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Nord-Ostrobttnien (Helsinki 1957)

Antti Telkkä, Anthropologische Untersuchung von Bewohnern der Landschaft Häme (Helsinki, 1952)

Data of Finland's Sami-people has been excluded from these maps (Esko K. Näätänen - über die Anthropologie der Lappen in Suomi (Helsinki, 1936, 1937)

No data is available for central-Ostrobothnia as far as anthropological zones and part of coastal Central-Ostrobothnia was studied along Southern-Ostrobothnia (Telkkä/Mustakallio). So therefor that zone has been left blank in all maps. Those areas where the measures come from only Swedish speakers of that area (this was mentioned in the studies) have been marked with a YELLOW letter S to signify "Swedish". The Turku/Åbo Archipelago contains mixed data of Finnish and Swedish speakers, separated data is also available but not used in this case.

Dolichocephalic men


Mesocephalic men


Brachycephalic men


Hyperbrachycephalic men


Similar maps for women will be made available at a later date. Also data based on stricter classification of cephalic indexes, such as excluding anyone with an over 75 C.I from the dolichocephalic category. This requires re-calculations of the regional indexes based on the frequency tables featured in the studies and takes time. The result of those re-calculations will most likely be, that all areas will have an increase in the brachycephalic categories to a certain extent.

This date is from the 1930's and 1950's and is the latest available data on Finnish people. Finland was mainly a poor rural nation in those days so the effect of living standards might be seen in certain regional differences.