Savo region

Extracts from Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937) Please remember that the 1930's data on height for example is absolutely void.

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Average height (men)


1. 166.82 cm
2. 166.76 cm
3. 168.06 cm
4. 165.80 cm
5. 167.33 cm
Savonian men on average 167.40 cm

The tallest area on average was Area 3 (Anttola, Haukivuori, Hirvensalmi, Joroinen, Juva, Jäppilä, Kangasniemi, Mäntyharju, Pertunmaa, Pieksämäki, Ristiina, Virtasalmi, Pieksämä and Mikkeli)

Average height (women)


1. 154.30 cm
2. 154.45 cm
3. 154.53 cm
4. 152.26 cm
5. 155.78 cm
Savonian women on average 154.53 cm

The tallest area on average was Area 5 (Joutseno, Lappee, Lemi, Luumäki, Ruokolahti, Savitaipale, Suomenniemi, Taipalsaari, Lauritsala and Lappeenranta.)

Men divided by height, into groups of short, medium-tall and tall

small (-159.9cm)
medium-tall (160-169.9cm)
tall (170.0 - x)



Women divided by height, into groups of short, medium-tall and tall

small (-148.9cm)
medium-tall (149-158.9cm)
tall (159.0 - x)



Head length and breadth averages (men)



1. 190.58 mm
2. 190.20 mm
3. 188.70 mm
4. 190.49 mm
5. 189.31 mm
Savonian men on average 189.41 mm

Longest heads on average were found in Area 1 (Kiuruvesi, Lapinlahti, Pielavesi, Sonkajärvi, Varpaisjärvi, Vieremä and Iisalmi.)

1. 153.54 mm
2. 154.40 mm
3. 153.18 mm
4. 152.51 mm
5. 152.90 mm
Savonian men on average 153.49 mm

Widest heads on average were found in Area 2 (Juankoski, Karttula, Leppävirta, Maaninka, Muuruvesi, Nilsiä, Riistavesi, Siilinjärvi, Suonenjoki, Tervo, Tuusniemi, Vehmersalmi, Varkaus and Kuopio.)

Head lenght and breadth - Frequency table (men)



This post will be updated later on with more scans (including female head length/breadth data and so forth)

Head length and breadth averages (women)



1. 181.88 mm
2. 179.95 mm
3. 180.25 mm
4. 179.71 mm
5. 181.85 mm
Savonian women on average 180.36 mm

Longest heads on average were found in Area 1 ((Kiuruvesi, Lapinlahti, Pielavesi, Sonkajärvi, Varpaisjärvi, Vieremä and Iisalmi.)

1. 147.58 mm
2. 146.52 mm
3. 146.82 mm
4. 145.79 mm
5. 148.73 mm
Savonian women on average 146.89 mm

Widest heads on average were found in Area 5 (Joutseno, Lappee, Lemi, Luumäki, Ruokolahti, Savitaipale, Suomenniemi, Taipalsaari, Lauritsala and Lappeenranta.)

Savolax region - Correlation of hair/eye colour with cephalic index

1. Helle augen: helle (blane, graue, gelbliche oder grünliche)
Iris oder helle Iris mit einigen unbedeutenden braunen Streifen,
Punkten oder Flecken (light-eyed)

2. Melierte Augen: melierte Iris oder helle Iris mit brauner
Aureole (mixed-eyed)

3. Braune Augen: hell - oder dunkelbraune Iris. (brown-eyed)

1. Hellblond - hell - und aschblondes haar (blond + ashblond)
2. Dunkelblond: dunkelblondes und hellbraunes haar (dark-blond and light-brown)
3. Braun - dunkelbraunes und rötlichbraunes haar (dark-brown and red-brown)
4. Braunschwarz: braunschwarzes haar (brown-black)
5. Schwarz: schwarzes haar (black)
6. Rot: rotes Haar (red)
7. Albinotisch: albinotisch haar (albino)

Chart - male and female hair and eye colour


Male eyes

Cephalic index Under 76.4

1) Light-eyed 78.8%
2) Mixed-eyed 6.1%
3) Brown-eyed 15.1%

Cephalic index 76.5-79.4

1) Light-eyed 88.1%
2) Mixed-eyed 4.8%
3) Brown-eyed 7.1%

Cephalic index 79.5 - 82.4

1) Light-eyed 89.4%
2) Mixed-eyed 2.1%
3) Brown-eyed 8.5%

Cephalic index 82.5-85.4

1) Light-eyed 88%
2) Mixed-eyed 3%
3) Brown-eyed 9%

Cephalic index 85.5-88.4

1) Light-eyed 85.2%
2) Mixed-eyed 5.6%
3) Brown-eyed 9.2%

Cephalic index 88.5-91.4

1) Light-eyed 86.6%
2) Mixed-eyed 6.7%
3) Brown-eyed 6.7%

Male hair

Cephalic index under 76.4

1) Blond 2%
2) Dark-Blond 51%
3) Brown 26.5%
4) Brown/Black 10.2%
5) Black 10.2%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 76.5 - 79.4

1) Blond 2.7%
2) Dark-Blond 49.6%
3) Brown 27.4%
4) Brown/Black 13.3%
5) Black 6.8%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 79.5-82.4

1) Blond 4.3%
2) Dark-Blond 41.6%
3) Brown 32.3%
4) Brown/Black 16.1%
5) Black 5.6%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 82.5-85.4

1) Blond 1.7%
2) Dark-Blond 48.7%
3) Brown 28.2%
4) Brown/Black 12.8%
5) Black 8.5%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 85.5-88.4

1) Blond 6.1%
2) Dark-Blond 46.9%
3) Brown 22.4%
4) Brown/Black 16.3%
5) Black 8.2%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 88.5-91.4

1) Blond 0%
2) Dark-Blond 27.3%
3) Brown 36.4%
4) Brown/Black 9.1%
5) Black 18.2%
6) Red
7) Albino 9.1%

Female eyes

Cephalic index under 76.4

1) Light-eyed 90.5%
2) Mixed-eyed 0%
3) Brown-eyed 9.5%

Cephalic index 76.5-79.4

1) Light-eyed 85.5%
2) Mixed-eyed 0%
3) Brown-eyed 14.5%

Cephalic index 79.5-82.4

1) Light-eyed 81.7%
2) Mixed-eyed 0%
3) Brown-eyed 18.3%

Cephalic index 82.5-85.4

1) Light-eyed 77.8%
2) Mixed-eyed 0%
3) Brown-eyed 22.2%

Cephalic index 85.5-88.4

1) Light-eyed 93.3%
2) Mixed-eyed 0%
3) Brown-eyed 6.7%

Cephalic index 88.5-91.4

1) Light-eyed 100%
2) Mixed-eyed 0%
3) Brown-eyed 0%

Cephalic index 91.5-x

1) Light-eyed 66.7%
2) Mixed-eyed 0%
3) Brown-eyed 33.3%

Female Hair

Cephalic index under 76.4

1) Blond 0%
2) Dark-Blond 50%
3) Brown 36.4%
4) Brown/Black 13.6%
5) Black 0%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 76.5-79.4

1) Blond 2.9%
2) Dark-Blond 44.3%
3) Brown 37.1%
4) Brown/Black 11.4%
5) Black 4.3%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 79.5-82.4

1) Blond 3.5%
2) Dark-Blond 42.6%
3) Brown 31.9%
4) Brown/Black 19.1%
5) Black 2.1%
6) Red
7) Albino 0.7%

Cephalic index 82.5-85.4

1) Blond 5%
2) Dark-Blond 42%
3) Brown 31%
4) Brown/Black 21%
5) Black 1%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 85.5-88.4%

1) Blond 0%
2) Dark-Blond 48.3%
3) Brown 34.5%
4) Brown/Black 17.2%
5) Black 0%
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 88.5-91.4

1) Blond 22.%
2) Dark-Blond 22.2%
3) Brown 55.5%
4) Brown/Black
5) Black
6) Red
7) Albino

Cephalic index 91.5 -

1) Blond 0%
2) Dark-Blond 33.3%
3) Brown 33.3%
4) Brown/Black 33.3%
5) Black
6) Red
7) Albino

Savolax region - Cephalic indexes

Dolichocephalic x- 75.9
Mesocephalic 76-80.9
Brachycephalic 81-85.4
Hyperbrachycephalic 85.5-x

Gebiet 1 = Kiuruvesi, Lapinlahti, Pielavesi, Sonkajärvi, Varpaisjärvi, Vieremä and Iisalmi.
Gebiet 2 = Juankoski, Karttula, Leppävirta, Maaninka, Muuruvesi, Nilsiä, Riistavesi, Siilinjärvi, Suonenjoki, Tervo, Tuusniemi, Vehmersalmi, Varkaus and Kuopio.
Gebiet 3 = Anttola, Haukivuori, Hirvensalmi, Joroinen, Juva, Jäppilä, Kangasniemi, Mäntyharju, Pertunmaa, Pieksämäki, Ristiina, Virtasalmi, Pieksämä and Mikkeli
Gebiet 4 = Enonkoski, Heinävesi, Kangaslampi, Kerimäki, Punkaharju, Puumala, Rantasalmi, Savonranta, Sulkava, Sääminki and Savonlinna.
Gebiet 5 = Joutseno, Lappee, Lemi, Luumäki, Ruokolahti, Savitaipale, Suomenniemi, Taipalsaari, Lauritsala and Lappeenranta.

Male Cephalic indexes / Frequency table




Savolax region (all men)

9.8% Dolichocephalic
39.2% Mesocephalic
39.2% Brachycephalic
11.8% Hyperbrachycephalic

Most dolichocephalic area - Gebiet 4 (17.1%)
Least dolichocephalic area - Gebiet 2 (7.7%)
Most mesocephalic area - Gebiet 1 (50.0%)
Least mesocephalic area - Gebiet 5 (36.6%)
Most brachycephalic area - Gebiet 5 (49.3%)
Least brachycephalic area - Gebiet 1 (34.6%)
Most hyperbrachycephalic area - Gebiet 3 (13.7%)
Least hyperbrachycephalic area - Gebiet 5 (2.8%)

Female cephalic indexes/frequency table



Savolax region (all females)

Dolichocephalic 5.1%
Mesocephalic 41.7%
Brachycephalic 42.2%
Hyperbrachycephalic 11.0%

Most dolichocephalic area - Gebiet 4 (21.4%)
Least dolichocephalic area - Gebiet 5 (2.4%)
Most mesocephalic area - Gebiet 1 (45.8%)
Least mesocephalic area - Gebiet 4 (21.4%)
Most brachycephalic area - Gebiet 4 (50%)
Least brachycephalic area - Gebiet 3 (40%)
Most hyperbrachycephalic area - Gebiet 3 (13.3%)
Least hyperbrachycephalic area - Gebiet 4 (7.1%)

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)

Savolax region - Summary

Pesonen's study on the Savolax region was published in 1937. For this study 595 men between the ages 25-49 and 376 women between the ages 20-49 had been studied. They were from all over Savolax from Kiuruvesi to Lappeenranta.

Average height of men was 167,4cm and women 154,53cm. The tallest men (168,06cm avg) were found in the area consisting Joroinen and Mikkeli, the shortest were found south of this area in the Savonlinnna region (165,8cm). This region also had the shortest women (152,26cm) whereas the tallest women were found south of this area (155,78cm). T

The cephalic index of men averaged at 81,109 and it was largest in the areas of Kuopio and Mikkeli (81,281; 81,232). More than 3/4 were mesocephalic and brachycephalic (both 39,2%). The average cephalic index of women was 81,504
Out of men 44,5% had a wide-face, medium-faced 21,6%. The widest faces were found in Southern Savolax and around the Kuopio region. The most narrow faces were found in the Mikkeli region (half of the measured individuals). Narrow noses were found among half of the men and extremely narrow noses among 10%. In women the numbers of narrow noses were even higher (59,1%, 10,3%)

The population of the Savolax region was mainly blond. Around 87% of men had light-eyes, brown eyes were found among 9%. Again there were more brown-eyes among the women (17,4%) However brown-eyed men were found in Northern Savolax more often than normally (23,1%) Extremely blond hair was rare among men (3,2%), however dark-blond hair was found in 46,2%. Very dark hair was found in 20% of men. Over half of the measured women had brown or darker toned hair. As in Satakunta, the tallest individuals of the Savolax region were not the blondest. However shorter men were on average a bit darker than tall men. Tall women more often had brown eyes than short women (40% and 20%). The same goes for hair colour. Brown hair was more common among tall individuals. The dolichocephalic men were more often brown-eyed than other groups, however dark hair was more frequent among those who were brachycephalic (18,2%). Dark-brown or brown was found among 45% of the brachycephalic individuals. The rest mainly had blond/light hair (half of the measured individuals).

Majority of men had light coloured eyes. It was noted that the short, brachycephalic individuals couldn't have gotten their height and short skull through Sami-influence because of blondism. Among women, brachycephalics more often seemed to have brown eyes. However the short statured people with brown eyes and dark hair might indeed be a a result of Sami-admixture, however these features were not a frequent phenomenon among the individuals. Dark hair was more common than expected among tall men with dolichocephalic skulls, which lead the research to conclude that other type "dark" influence was present and it was not Lapponoid.

Niilo Pesonen, Anthropologische Untersuchungen an Bewohnern der Landschaft Savo (Helsinki, 1937)